Just preordered -- glasses request: there's no way to say it nicely, I have a big nose. With a high bridge. Many glasses are really tough to get properly placed; may I request you not give up on the pads w/metal adjusters that you have in the product photos? Don't let a designer take them away from you, us folks not one standard deviation from 'normal' noses will thank you.

Second, how tough is this signal processing? Will it be done on-glasses, or through an app? Third, what's the equivalent of a wake word for these? I'm reminded of the Apple Vision Pro radar to see if your fingers are clicking. I could imagine a lot of modalities where I want to just start talking and have things happen, and a lot where I don't want the glasses to pick it up. Fourth, I think a cool voice change demo would be rad -- not sure what latency is like, but if you could get it end to end under like 250ms you could probably have someone exaggerate the mouth movements and pipe out audio of them talking like someone else. Which would be another really cool demo.

Super cool. You're going to be working 80 hour weeks for the next year, I'm excited to see what you put out!

Yep, we have been quite set on nose pads to keep them comfortable. I will keep you updated with the designs!

The decoding is done via a companion app on your laptop or phone in the cloud, but end to end latency is still quite fast, under 500ms usually.

To begin with we don't plan to have a wake word, but rather a trigger key on your connected device that you're entering text into (pressing Alt for example), similar to Wispr Flow. We're doing some R&D into the silent speech equivalent of voice activity detection, so we have a low power basic RF detection always-on, not enough to decode speech from but enough to detect rough movement, and when it detects speech-like activity beginning to start we can trigger full sensing within tens of ms. This would likely ship as a software update a few months after shipping, though.

The voice change demo is something I've thought about actually, but we never got around to doing. Might film it soon :)

Super cool. For a cool voice change demo we'll allow a gb200 over low latency wifi :) elevenlabs has deals with a number of professional actors and voice actors for licensed uses, seems like you could probably find an ethical and cool co-brand opportunity in there.

Have fun building this! It's worth doing.

I think this is incredibly cool and straight out of a sci-fi novel! I think this is phenomenal for accessibility and for hands-free computing in general. I also agree with other comments that the website should have more detail on how it works, such as what you included in the post body. Amazing work guys!

Yea in one of the further Ender's Game novels they talk about this tech a lot for characters silently mumbling to the AI.

Ahhhh exactly! I've wanted this since I was a kid and read those books.

I second that. I've been talking and talking to my phone and AI even more and more since it keeps getting better and is generally pretty accurate these days. And there are times when I end up typing because of environmental reasons.

This is just really groundbreaking and I know the research has been out there for a little while but to actually implement is a whole nother ball game.

I think the use cases for this will expand as the product ships and gets out there!

Agree, incredibly cool, and I could definitely see myself using one, but it does give off slightly dystopian vibes, making me think of the speakwrite in 1984:

"In the long, windowless hall, with its double row of cubicles and its endless rustle of papers and hum of voices murmuring into speakwrites, there were quite a dozen people whom Winston did not even know by name"

If the tech is mostly in the glasses temples, I would prefer to have something that attaches to my existing glasses. I have prescription glasses and a big head, tried the Even G2 smart glasses and the available frames set just too small for me

Pretty cool. My only wish is that all this kind of work didn't gravitate toward glasses or assume glasses are the default thing-on-your-face now. 3/4 of humans don't wear them, and even some of us blind bats hate them enough that we endure the hassle of contact lenses.

This is:

1. Insanely cool

2. Gives me serious "whispering earring" vibes. Imagine having a full on conversation with an AI via subvocalization and listening with ear bud to guide you throughout the day. https://gwern.net/doc/fiction/science-fiction/2012-10-03-yvain-thewhisperingearring.html

The glasses will have open ear speakers similar to meta glasses! We plan to make our own agent harness and connect it native with the glasses. I have meta glasses but rarely use the AI since it's weird to talk out loud to ask it things when I'm out. This is how we want to solve it

Cue the resurgence of lip reading-based espionage. Imagining having to scan the room for people watching subvocalizers. Will subvocalizers start holding up a clipboard over their face a la NFL coaches?

That's already been a problem ever since people figured out you can recover voice from watching the subpixel vibration of objects within a room. (Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUzB0L0mSCI)

There is a reason secure activity happens within secured rooms built to a specific standard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitive_compartmented_information_facility

Theres a LOT of people working on this.. Cornell have been putting students on this task for about 5 years.. Lots of fun different ways of doing it. Interesting you went the radar from glasses route.. I wish you well. Yet to see a product apart from the odd lip reading ML project that makes it into a product..

I'm waiting for throat tape a la that one paper where whatever you say in your head translates to micro movements in your throat/jaw or something like that.

Do most people talk faster than they can type? It's the opposite for me - I also read aloud slower than I can read in my head.

Most people type at 40-50 WPM. Developers can often type at 70-100 WPM. Meanwhile, most people can talk at 120-200 WPM. Beyond just speed, we've found with many people that talking things out tends to flow more naturally, since it's often a lower friction action so people don't "sanitize" the text in their head before outputting it. Leads to better prompts quite often :)

> talking things out tends to flow more naturally,

I've found the opposite. Typing feels much more "deliberate", and of course you can hit backspace but you can't un-speak a word. With prompting, I've found that, in general, speaking leads to lower-quality results than typing.

I was surprised to find after using dictation heavily all year that I actually talk a load of rubbish when I'm speaking, using all kinds of cliches and fillers and saying way more than was needed.

The bit before your quote was

> with many people

Not everyone. I, at least, definitely overthink what I type, and while I end up with nice-ish sentences in my prompts it takes a lot longer than a train of thought that the AI parses correctly most of the time anyway.

Also, speech is probably bottlenecked by speed of thought, not making the sounds. I recall some study showing that data rate is pretty consistent between languages, despite wpm varying significantly due to language verbosity. You can try it yourself: try to quickly repeat “one two three four five” then try to read a paragraph out loud as quickly as you can, I bet you can feel the first strain your muscles and the second your brain, and I bet the first blows your typing wpm out of the water.

I'm dyslexic and while I can type fairly quickly it's always a struggle to get the spelling and typing mistakes fixed. Talking is a much more natural way to express myself. The frustration of not being able to spell the word that I want doesn't exist. Mis-transcription errors are of course an issue, but those are getting fewer and fewer.

When I try talking for prompting my coding agents, I'm always severely disappointed with the specificity of the prompt. It's just much easier for me to "talk about" coding specifics with a keyboard than it is for me to speak about them, for some reason.

I suspect this has to do with the nature of the work you're doing; I dunno, just count me firmly in the camp of people who only rarely feel like I can express a thought sufficiently for coding agents with their voice.

Yeah, we have a lot of experience with typing while our eyes and mind are occupied elsewhere. But I've noticed the years have slowed my typing.

You need to train yourself to speak written speech. When you do that, the thought processes behind typing your words activate, and your language use changes.

As a person who often talks far too fast and incoherently, but types generally fast and legibly, I had never recognised or even considered this, but it seems helpful. Thanks.

How?

On my phone, I do. I still like to tap with my thumbs, but my iPhone keyboard sucks so when I need to type a lot, I’d rather dictate.

Most people talk faster than they can type. 80 wpm voice chat is easy for everyone. 80 wpm typing filters out most typists.

This has been an interesting thing for me to watch as it's such a case of people having widely different experiences. I'm sure people that didn't grow up on a keyboard like me can probably talk quicker than they type, but even aside from me being a fairly good typist my speech is held up by being a bit more halting, a bit more of backtracking on word choice, sometimes not quite the same 'voice' of writing as I'm aiming for, all of which obliterates any speed advantage it'd have for me.

But happy to see people get more options.

This reminds me of Eternity's End by Jeffrey Carver and the implants they had. Released in 2000 but the more time goes on the more the neural implant technology is coming about. To be fair I think Enders Game had similar tech to detect subvocal speech like this product.

> This has been an interesting thing for me to watch as it's such a case of people having widely different experiences.

Same. I'm often told I talk too fast, but I feel I communicate slowly because a lot of my fast speech involves halting and backtracking and such.

I can easily type 100WPM+, but I trivially blast out a few paragraphs of perfectly adequate text in a few seconds and then spend a few minutes re-editing it.

Writing also filters the useless crap that is spoken but is not worth writing down.

Yes, I'd estimate the vast majority of people speak faster they can type. Not sure about the thinking part because I usually have 20 threads going parallel in my head and can't imagine what normal thinking would be like.

While sitting at the desk, I type about as fast as I talk. While unloading the dishwasher I'm a much faster talker than typer

I'm not reading aloud most of the time that I'm talking.

I am so glad to see an unpolished early look and an honest evaluation of about five percent error rate in the YouTube video. The really cool stuff will be the applications on top of `subvocal` though at least in my opinion.

So this could take "noise canceling" to a whole new level if you could somehow "speak" across a loud bar or across the world, for that matter. Being integrated into something like Signal or similar end to end encrypted platform would be interesting as well.

Yep, I agree. Noise cancellation is a feature we want to release at some point in the future. Using the RF to denoise a very noisy audio signal which has you speaking in it. And we'll release an SDK as well a few months after shipping to build stuff on top of it!

Really neat tech! Just curious, how much did you leverage AI during the development? This seems like the type of neat tech that we should expect more and more from wielding our new tools well.

You can have a silent conversation with someone else wearing the device? This does not bode well for casinos.

A casino would have no problem seeing mouth movement.

With so many people singing the praises of voice to text, I keep thinking about how most sci-fi futures feature subvocalization as a prerec for that kind of adoption. Always love to see sci-fi come to life!

I'm more looking for the Jane from Speaker for the Dead version. In-ear device that can hear and feel the subvocalization.

I had to look it up, I forgot he communicated with her through sub-vocalizations. I remember the jewel earpiece, but in my head he just communicated through thoughts or something.

Good reference! That series of books Is one of my all time favorites.

First, this my favorite book of all time so I love seeing it shouted out

Second, I agree with exactly this. Something shaped like an AirPod

I mean we're getting pretty close here -- you could have these + your AirPods in transparency mode up and you're not far off. Also Claude won't currently ice you out for going dark, unlike Jane.

What I would really like is a washable "cyber suit". Mock or turtle neck (for the voice / STT capture / control), EEG sensors, breathing rate, blood pressure, gestures via arm motion sensors,). Removable rechargeable battery module to wash the torso / shirt slap it on a clean one. For EEG it would have to be pretty compressed though, so not sure it would be comfortable enough to wear to sleep? maybe only an internal harness needs to be that compressed. not sure. I'm tired of wearing a Fitbit, or glasses, or these different things people have to look at, keep up with, break easy etc.

Super excited to see more products in this area. I talk to my computer the majority of the time now, and I can do that because I work from home. If I were on public transportation or in an office, it would be much more difficult. It's been interesting to watch the Overton window, if you will, shift for people talking _to_ their phones. Now, the majority of my family will use voice to text on their phone whereas I remember just a few years ago, if not even just a year ago, it was made fun of.

Very cool! I was curious to hear the details of how it worked but couldn’t find them on your landing page. I’m glad to see them here and you might want to include them more prominently on the page itself. I didn’t even realize it was a pair of glasses til I read the above.

E.g. your FAQ says it doesn’t use cameras but does not say what it does use. And when I got to the footer and clicked the “how it works” link, it seemingly took me back to the top of the page I had just read.

Someone built an open-source version of this, but it’s far from polished:

https://github.com/joeblau/subvox

There was this really interesting one where it reads your lips:

https://github.com/amywork777/lipflow

I’m using these to build my own so I can work in co-working spaces, planes, and libraries. Though moving my mouth with no words might draw some eyes.

Yup we worked with IMUs as well when we started this. They measure aggregated face motion, so cannot distinguish between fine phonetic classes, only broad words. The open source demo got to a 5 word classifier, I believe. We tried a lot to make IMUs work too, in various form factors, but the signal doesn't contain enough information for open ended decoding beyond classifying between a few words. We would have loved to be able to just push software!

Lip reading is one of the other modalities we tried as well beyond IMU, EMG and RF! We worked a lot on fine tuning Auto-AVSR, one of the most commonly used open source lipreading models. It's very enticing to work on, since it gets to about 17% word error rate, which looks good enough that you would think working on it further would get it down to product quality, but we found there's an information-theoretic limit on the modality. Speech has 40 phonemes, but only about 12 to 15 visemes (externally visually separable phonetic states). For example P and B look very similar from a camera. This causes the scaling laws on lipreading to flatten out at an error that's too high to be product ready but just low enough to make for a good demo. Our original plan was actually to ship a lipreading software to see if people would want this behavior, but we realized you couldn't make lipreading work!

but can't a decision model or some other model deduce "P" or "B" based on the context (i.e., previous words said)?

reminds me of tesla fsd v. waymo. may be a market for both? i.e., camera-only or camera + specific hardware.

Why not a pencil in the ear or something you can put in a shirt pocket? Or even earbuds?

Now that is insightful! The demo definitely fooled me and even the first repo requires you to train the model.

Lip reading AI would be pretty big since privacy would probably go out the window.

Any deaf/HoH person who has tried to do lipreading could have told you all of this too.

Good luck on the project!

One of the coolest things I have recently seen but would love some details. It also got me thinking a about this recent Neuralink post.

https://neuralink.com/updates/72-hour-voice-hackathon/

I'm curious about whether this could be done with the hardware mounted on top of the laptop screen or on a stand on the desk, rather than the glasses form factor. Have you explored this?

Yes, we have! The same kind of RF doesn't work in that form, since it is attenuated strongly over that big of a distance. But the other interesting alternative we tried it mmWave radar, RF at about 60 GHz, the same band as 5G. This is much more similar to conventional radar, in that it would bounce off the face rather than passing through it like our current system. We found a few problems with this: 1. It faced the same issue as cameras. mmWave radar has a very low penetration in tissue, so it basically just bounced off the mouth. This only let us see visemes, which aren't enough to get to a low error rate as complete phonetic decoding can. 2. While mmWave radar can detect skin movement as small as a few microns via Doppler shift (given it's small wavelength), its spatial resolution with most systems is quite low. For example, it can tell that something moved 2 microns but within a 5cm x 5cm block. This coarse information makes it very hard to decode

That's why we weren't able to make something that can mount to your laptop. We're trying to make a necklace form factor at some point in the future though, but can't give a date on this!

What about something like a baseball cap instead of glasses? Or some sort of head band?

Exploring that too as a next product, but probably a while down the line!

People with prescriptions can just get versions with prescriptions in them (this is a thing for "smart" glasses already).

Can, but as a new product it is going to limit their adoption rate by some pretty significant amount.

half of the other people in the office in the video are wearing prescription glasses

Very cool. I suspect you guys will get scooped up by a bigger player working on smart glasses soon.

this is super cool. I did some digging about current research on avsr using video and lip point cloud movement a while back. found projects like https://github.com/amanvirparhar/chaplin but this seems more promising!

This is very cool, but oddly, the site is TOO focused on the user problem being solved to the extent that it feels like snake oil. The issue is that this is contrary to people's experience of what is possible, so without discussing WHY you can do this, it looks like a scam or vaporware.

Fair feedback, will take into account. Looking to change up the site quite a bit soon!

Neat! I don't like talking to my computer (audibly or not), but that's a cool demo.

I wonder if we could eventually end up with a "throat muscle" version where people learn to talk a new way without having to move the visible mouth muscles too.

Really cool piece of tech! Languages supported rn? English only?

Spent 30 seconds scrolling down to try to figure out what this is. Eventually clicked away from the site because it was taking too long to get to the point. I'm sure it's great and I understand it's something to do with glasses and subvocalizations, but consider a one sentence contextualization at the top of the page.

For some reason AI coding agents seem to think a README should be a Product Requirements Document (PRD).

I think it's because most projects don't have any settled place (or at least, any place that lives inside the project's source-code repo) to record PRD-like information.

But because AI coding agents really do benefit from having PRD-like info (i.e. a hierarchical breakdown of the "intended what" and "intended how" of the system that "should" exist in the repo, kept updated to reflect changing ideas about those intentions), they really want to record that type of info somewhere, so they can then reference it.

AI coding agents don't seem to have any "taste" (or maybe "confidence"?) when it comes to asserting that even if you don't already have a separate PRD-like file in the repo, you should have one, if you want the agent to do its job well, and so it would request you to let it create one (or just automatically do it.) Instead, they just shrug and cram the PRD stuff into whatever structure you do already have. Which, if you're starting fresh with a greenfield project, is usually just a README.

(I hypothesize that if you tell an AI coding agent to use Behavior-Driven Development [BDD] on a greenfield project, it'll probably lean toward maintaining its PRD-like info in the form of BDD test cases. Haven't tried this experiment yet; would be interested to know the outcome!)

That is exactly what happened in this case; the readme was the PRD.

Throughout the document Claude kept claiming that issues were "mitigated but not fixed". They were essentially bandaid fixes for things it couldn't figure out. When I pointed this out to the author he said, "Well Claude thinks it works."

I wonder what happens to software when enough people try to ship projects like this.

Yup that makes sense. Thanks for the feedback, we'll make some changes shortly!

I would be fairly interested if this works without opening my mouth. Like, if you can nail _micro_ tongue movements, it would feel pretty close to thought.

It actually can! Since the RF can see inside your mouth the system doesn't inherently need lip movements and can be fine tuned on what we call "internal speech". Note that this isn't the automatic tongue movements that occur when "thinking" words to yourself, but it's rather like mouthing with your lips closed. We don't often lead with this since it's weird for many people to do, but with a bit of practice, we have been able to get it down pretty well.

Wow that's fascinating. I've added that bit to your text above - I hope that's ok! It answers what was emerging as a sort of mini-FAQ.

Edit: the more that I think about it the cooler and more important this feature seems!

But how would you distinguish all the sounds that don’t require any tongue movement, like (most of?) the vowels?

Vowels definitely require tongue movement! Leave your mouth closed and whisper "a-e-i-o-u" and you can feel your tongue moving.

Vowels change the shape of your mouth's cavity to change which frequencies to emphasize ("formants") and we hear the differences in vowels by analyzing those formant patterns.

There's subtle changes in internal speech muscles as well often for those kinds of movements, and where it does seem ambiguous language context is usually enough to distinguish

I use the Vekta. I tried whispering and it doesn't feel right.

Throat mics don't work at all - see reviews online.

This is a different approach, so I am cautiously optimistic.

Are there any health risks with this method?

Edit: mostly concerned about RF near my eyes for 8 hours a day.

No, the RF is very low power and can safely be active on your face for long periods. We've done a lot of investigation and verification with safety. While doing R&D the first 2 months we collected hundreds of hours of data on ourselves with various configurations, so we made sure it was safe before :)

Also, the RF transmission only activates when you're actively dictating.

I wonder if in a couple of years we gonna have some teeth implant that will capture sounds to our devices.

I've thought about learning sign language in order to communicate with the computer in a not-super-annoying way. Your solution... much more realistic. Cheers.

So it's a pair of glasses that can transcribe when you mouth words silently? I still don't know how it works, they say no cameras and it works with noise so I assume sort sort of reverse bone conducting?

Says right in the description that they are using radio

That is fascinating. How do the radio waves get modulated? Do you think it is possible to use this technique for spying technology, with remote transmitters and receivers intersecting a person's facial anatomy to pick up the details of even a whispered or muttered conversation?

Most probably not possible to do this remotely, since this kind of RF needs to be transmitted through the face, and if you transmit them from too far away very few of them will actually take a path that goes through the face and comes back to your receiver.

They get modulated since your mouth is a complex dielectric environment. Tissue, water, and air have different dielectric constants (different permittivity to RF) and the motion of the muscles in this medium leads to interactions with the waves that fill it, changing their phase and amplitude as they propagate.

Great work!

Really like seeing the early prototypes here, and would love to see more on how the RF tech works on the website.

Are you able to patent it?

This is super cool. I think it's the first piece of additional hardware I've even considered pre-ordering.

I did research in this space about eight years ago. Our approach was to look at deformations in the ear canal. Rumor has it that Apple AirPods will have sensors in the ear canal. I was hoping to use those sensors with our app, but it looks like Apple is not going to provide access to the raw sensor data. I expected Apple is going to support subvocal speech pretty soon.

From my understanding decoding via ear deformation requires the mouthing to be quite exaggerated. I am also looking forward to Apple launching it soon though, hopefully it gets more people excited and aware about the category at least

The tech sounds cool, but my guess is this product might work for anyone whose text to command ratio is very high. If the formatting and commanding are the main tasks, then this product would be more of a distraction for a fast typist.

Regarding the website, you should lead with product, its details, rather than founders shown in 360 degrees from various vantage points. It is distracting and frankly irritating.

This is such a weird thing that I can't wait to try it out. I don't know, like it's so crazy that it has to be good

Does the model require internet access, or is it running entirely locally?

Yes, it requires internet access

“Foundation models” I feel like this has lost all meaning? Can’t you just say “we train models on this data”?

Preordered!

Can we use RF for other medical applications? As an anesthesiologist, we do nerve blocks before surgeries or for pain. One rough indicator that it's working is muscle paralysis. Also similar for botox.

Very interested.

Not sure, but definitely sounds interesting! I do know there was one company trying to use mmWave RF to track patient vitals like breathing patterns and heart rate without having anything hooked up to / touching them

Let's go! Love the idea. Like the analog to bone conduction earbuds. Just please don't turn into WisprFlow where they route the voice metadata, unbeknownst to many, to a third party partner who stores and mines it for who-knows-what. Good luck fellas.

Of course! Privacy is important!

Why do you destroy communicating your very cool product with an annoying and counter intuitive scroll experience?

And after some time I could not figure out what this is?

Put this part: " building smart glasses that let you talk to your computer without talking out loud. You can mouth words silently and discreetly and the glasses decode them to text at the speed of speech."

right at the top and show someone doing that instead of hiding behind cryptic marketing.

Also, the product looks great.

Get your words out of the way 'say what it is'.

Very amazing tech though

That makes sense. We will implement that!

There is a product by Subtle called Voicebuds that allows for super silent dictation. Looks like the product is not available for purchase yet, but I would prefer to have earbuds over glasses.

https://www.subtle.co

Yup those are pretty cool too! How do you feel about quiet whispering vs completely silent? Genuinely curious we haven't asked too many people

For me: whispering = evolution, silent = revolution. I'd like to see some studies demonstrating its safety.

How have the glasses been received? I don't understand why they're required, is it only to have a consistent mount point for the radar sensor, relative to the face? Have you thought about a throat mic?

It looked like there was a throat mic in the first shot... it seems counterintuitive that you'd get better performance out of lidar on face muscles than on a throat mic.

No throat mic, the first image uses EMG (muscle electrical signal) sensors. A throat mic only works if you're still actually whispering (not fully silent) and is also a weird form factor for a consumer device, which is why we didn't go with it!

Apple recently a purchased a company with seemingly equivalent technical capabilities:

https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/apple-qai-acquisition-lip-reading-tech-wearables/

Hope you guys are well-positioned patent-wise.

Yup, Q.ai is different tech and we have our IP :)

They use speckle patterns of a laser shone onto the skin, which is sensitive down to tens of nanometers. Pretty cool tech

I think the problem to solve here is repetitive stress injury caused by typing

In this case, I think the problem to solve is ergonomic issues with the keyboards used for typing

They are claiming 200+ wpm on a prototype. Half that speed would put you in the top tier of typists, and the number of people that get anywhere close to 200 is vanishingly small.

It depends on what you’re typing. If you’re coding, it’s probably faster to type `{}[]();|` or 2,450,712 than to say it.

FYI, the subvocal.company site is unscrollable with a mouse wheel in WebKit browsers on Mac (Safari, DDG, Kagi Orion), though the touchpad will work. No issues elsewhere (Mac non-WebKit, Win11, Ubuntu)

this should be fixed now!

Maybe you don't want strangers around you hearing you say "Hey Claude wish my grandma happy birthday" as it's not yet morally okay to delegate such social tasks to the models

There is no human connection typing words into a box, that's seems like what it's mostly replacing. Talking to your email client, talking to your AI agent. Lots of us are much faster speaking than typing and especially with AI, it doesn't matter a whole lot in my experience how polished the output is, the benefit from ending up with a lot more text because one can just talk freely is very beneficial.

I can see this being useful on public transport where you don't want to bother people while taking notes verbally. It's not all about avoiding connection.

This is more a keyboard killer than a dinner party killer.

This is a little like replying to a show HN for a new kind of stylus input device with “what’s wrong with pen and paper”

EDIT: I find talking in that manner in a public setup to be awkward and unpleasant, maybe that's just me.

That said, I think the idea of having a private walkie-talkie that connects on its own frequency for large crowded spaces to be very cool

This wasn’t meant as a hate. Sorry if it sound so. I really like them, I would buy them. Immediately. Sign me in.

But I think (and see) that people prefer boring tech. Whisper glasses is amazing. But most people will probably find it creepy. (Pareto applied.). I hope I am wrong. These guys are like from sci-fi.